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Rumus Fisika Modern

Rumus Fisika Alat Optik Lengkap - Lagi nyari Rumus Fisika tentang Alat Optik ? kalau begitu kali ini saya akan membuat posting Daftar Lengkap Rumus Fisika Alat Optik buat kalian semua. Rumus Fisika Alat Optik Lengkap ini saya ambil dari Wikibooks. Berikut ini Rumus Alat Optik nya semoga bermanfaat

Lup (Kaca Pembesar)

Pembesaran bayangan saat mata berakomodasi maksimum

Dengan ketentuan:

• = Pembesaran
• = Titik dekat (cm)
• = Fokus lup (cm)

Pembesaran bayangan saat mata tidak berakomodasi

Dengan ketentuan:

• = Pembesaran
• = Titik dekat (cm)
• = Fokus lup (cm)

Mikroskop

Pembesaran mikroskop adalah hasil kali pembesaran lensa objektif dan pembesaran lensa okuler, sehingga dirumuskan:


Karena lensa okuler mikroskop berfungsi seperti lup, pembesaran mikroskop dirumuskan sebagai berikut:

Pembesaran Mikroskop pada saat mata berakomodasi maksimum

Agar mata berakomodasi maksimum, jarak lensa objektif dan lensa okuler dirumuskan:

Dengan ketentuan:

• = Pembesaran mikroskop
• = Pembesaran oleh lensa objektif
• = Titik dekat mata
• = Jarak fokus lensa okuler
• = jarak bayangan oleh lensa objektif
• = jarak benda di depan lensa objektif
• = jarak lensa objektif dan lensa okuler

Pembesaran Mikroskop pada saat mata tidak berakomodasi

Agar mata berakomodasi maksimum, jarak lensa objektif dan lensa okuler dirumuskan:

Dengan ketentuan:

• = Pembesaran mikroskop
• = Pembesaran oleh lensa objektif
• = Titik dekat mata
• = Jarak fokus lensa okuler
• = jarak bayangan oleh lensa objektif
• = jarak benda di depan lensa objektif
• = jarak lensa objektif dan lensa okuler

Teropong Bintang

Pembesaran Teropong Bintang

Dengan ketentuan:

• = Pembesaran teropong bintang
• = Jarak fokus lensa objektif
• = Jarak fokus lensa okuler

Jarak lensa objektif dan lensa okuler

Dengan ketentuan:

• = Jarak lensa objektif dan lensa okuler
• = Jarak fokus lensa objektif
• = Jarak fokus lensa okuler

Teropong Bumi

Pembesaran Teropong Bumi

Dengan ketentuan:

• = Pembesaran teropong bumi
• = Jarak fokus lensa objektif
• = Jarak fokus lensa okuler

Jarak lensa objektif dan lensa okuler

Dengan ketentuan:

• = Jarak lensa objektif dan lensa okuler
• = Jarak fokus lensa objektif
• = Jarak fokus lensa pembalik
• = Jarak fokus lensa okuler

fisika modern

ENERGI INTI

PERSAMAAN ENERGI IKAT

Energi ikat sebuah inti atom adalah

           E_b = Zm_H + (A-Z)m_n – M

dimana Z adalah nomor atom, A adalah nomor massa, m_H, m_n, dan M adalah massa atom Hidrogen, sebuah netron, dan massa inti atom itu sendiri. Dalam perhitungan rumus di bawah ini lebih banyak dipakai:

                E_b = ZD_H + (A-Z)D_n – D

dimana D_H, D_n, dan D adalah surpluses massa atom hidrogen, sebuah netron, dan inti atom itu sendiri.Persamaan energi dari reaksi inti

           m + M à M^* à m' + M' + Q

dimana m + M dan m' + M' adalah jumlah dari masa diam partikel sebelum dan sesudah reaksi,  dan ^' adalah energi kinetik partikel sebelum dan sesudah reaksi (dalam frame pusat massa diam), E^* adalah energi eksitasi dari perpindahan inti, Q adalah energi reaksi, E dan E' adalah energi ikat dari pertikel m dan m' dalam inti, 1,2,3 adalah tingkat energi dari inti.Energi kinetik minimum (threshold energy) sebuah partikel penumbuk/ datang agar terjadi reaksi inti adalah

                    

disini m dan M adalah massa partikel penumbuk dan massa inti target.Energi ikat adalah energi yang perlu ditambahkan ke dalam suatu inti untuk memecahkan inti tersebut, untuk melawan gaya internal. Energi ikat dari sebuah inti atau energi internal total tersebut disebabkan karena efek gaya inti yang kuat antara nukleon, gaya Coulomb antara nucleus, dan energi kinetik nukleon relatif terhadap pusat massa seluruh inti.Untuk menghitung energi ikat, misalkan sebuah partikel dengan nomor massa A dan nomor atom Z. Partikel ini dinyatakan dalam _ZX^A. Jika energi ikat inti dari elemen _ZX^A adalah E_b, maka menurut definisi di atas

           E_b + _zX'^A --à Zp + (A-Z)n

dimana _zX'^A, n dan p menyatakan inti pertikel, netron, dan proton yang dihasilkan dengan memecah inti tersebut. Dengan menerapkan hukum kekekalan massa-energi pada persamaan di atas, diperoleh

           E_b + M' --à Zm_p + (A-Z)m_n

dimana M' adalah massa inti atom _ZX^A. Maka, dengan menambahkan massa elektron pada kedua sisi persamaan, kita peroleh

           E_b + (M'+Zm_e) --à Zm_p + (A-Z)m_n + Zm_e

atau,     E_b + M --à Z(m_p+m_e) + (A-Z)m_n

atau,     E_b --à Zm_H + (A-Z)m_n – M

disini M adalah massa atom _ZX^A, dan m_H adalah massa atom hidrogen. Karena nomor massa atom tidak berubah selama reaksi pemecahan, maka persamaan di atas dapat juga ditulis sebagai berikut

                E_b = ZD_H + (A-Z)D_n – D

dimana D_H, D_n, dan D adalah surpluses massa atom hidrogen, netron, dan  atom _ZX^A.

ENERGI IKAT PER NUKLEON

Energi ikat rata-rata per nukleon didapat dengan membagi energi ikat dengan nomor massa inti tersebut.Efek dari nomor atom pada energi ikat dapat dilihat pada gambar 17.2.1. Jelas dari grafik ini bahwa kurva melengkung baik untuk nomor massa yang tinggi maupun yang rendah.Pembelokan kurva energi ikat ini menunjukkan bahwa nukleon lebih terikat erat ketika mereka dibagi menjadi dua inti bermassa sedang daripada menjadi sebuah inti bermassa besar. Inilah sebabnya energi dilepaskan dalam reaksi fisi sebuah inti bermassa besar menjadi 2 partikel yang lebih ringan.

Pembelokan kurva energi ikat pada nomor massa yang masih kecil, menunjukkan bahwa energi akan dilepaskan ketika 2 inti bernomor massa kecil bergabung untuk membentuk sebuah inti bermassa sedang. Proses ini disebut reaksi fusi dan menghasilkan energi.

REAKSI INTI

Reaksi inti umumnya dapat dinyatakan dalam persamaan

           X + a à Y + b

atau, dalam notasi yang lebih sederhana dapat ditulis sebagai

           X(a,b)Y

Dalam reaksi nuklir di atas, umumnya partikel a adalah partikel penumbuk dan X adalah inti sasaran. Seringkali inti sasaran dalam keadaan diam dalam kerangka laboratorium. Partikel penumbuk bisa netral seperti netron dari reaktor nuklir, atau sebuah partikel bermuatan dengan tingkat energi tertentu yang dihasilkan dengan percepatan oleh generator Van de Graff, siklotron, atau alat pemercepat lainnya. Dapat dilihat dari notasinya bahwa Y mewakili pertikel hasil yang lebih berat, dan b menyatakan partikel hasil yang lebih ringan.Sekarang, dengan menerapkan hukum kekekalan massa-energi untuk reaksi nuklir, kita peroleh

           M_X + m_a = M_Y + m_b + Q

atau,     Q = (M_X + m_a)-(M_Y + m_b) sma

atau,     Q = (M_X + m_a)c²-(M_Y + m_b)c² Mev

EngLish sTory

memperlancar bahasa inggris kita, yuk kita coba memahami cerita snow white ini.
Once upon a time in mid winter, when the snowflakes were falling like feathers from heaven, a beautiful queen sat sewing at her window, which had a frame of black ebony wood. As she sewed, she looked up at the snow and pricked her finger with her needle. Three drops of blood fell into the snow. The red on the white looked so beautiful, that she thought, “If only I had a child as white as snow, as red as blood, and as black as this frame.” Soon afterward she had a little daughter that was as white as snow, as red as blood, and as black as ebony wood, and therefore they called her Little Snow-White.

Now the queen was the most beautiful woman in all the land, and very proud of her beauty. She had a mirror, which she stood in front of every morning, and asked:

Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?

And the mirror always said:

You, my queen, are fairest of all.

And then she knew for certain that no one in the world was more beautiful than she.

Now Snow-White grew up, and when she was seven years old, she was so beautiful, that she surpassed even the queen herself. Now when the queen asked her mirror:

Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?

The mirror said:

You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But Little Snow-White is still
A thousand times fairer than you.

When the queen heard the mirror say this, she became pale with envy, and from that hour on, she hated Snow-White. Whenever she looked at her, she thought that Snow-White was to blame that she was no longer the most beautiful woman in the world. This turned her heart around. Her jealousy gave her no peace. Finally she summoned a huntsman and said to him, “Take Snow-White out into the woods to a remote spot, and stab her to death. As proof that she is dead bring her lungs and her liver back to me. I shall cook them with salt and eat them.”

The huntsman took Snow-White into the woods. When he took out his hunting knife to stab her, she began to cry, and begged fervently that he might spare her life, promising to run away into the woods and never return. The huntsman took pity on her because she was so beautiful, and he thought, “The wild animals will soon devour her anyway. I’m glad that I don’t have to kill her.” Just then a young boar came running by. He killed it, cut out its lungs and liver, and took them back to the queen as proof of Snow-White’s death. She cooked them with salt and ate them, supposing that she had eaten Snow-White’s lungs and liver.

Snow-White was now all alone in the great forest. She was terribly afraid, and began to run. She ran over sharp stones and through thorns the entire day. Finally, just as the sun was about to set, she came to a little house. The house belonged to seven dwarfs. They were working in a mine, and not at home. Snow-White went inside and found everything to be small, but neat and orderly. There was a little table with seven little plates, seven little spoons, seven little knives and forks, seven little mugs, and against the wall there were seven little beds, all freshly made.

Snow-White was hungry and thirsty, so she ate a few vegetables and a little bread from each little plate, and from each little glass she drank a drop of wine. Because she was so tired, she wanted to lie down and go to sleep. She tried each of the seven little beds, one after the other, but none felt right until she came to the seventh one, and she lay down in it and fell asleep.

When night came, the seven dwarfs returned home from the work. They lit their seven little candles, and saw that someone had been in their house.

The first one said, “Who has been sitting in my chair?”

The second one, “Who has been eating from my plate?”

The third one, “Who has been eating my bread?”

The fourth one, “Who has been eating my vegetables?”

The fifth one, “Who has been sticking with my fork?”

The sixth one, “Who has been cutting with my knife?”

The seventh one, “Who has been drinking from my mug?”

Then the first one said, “Who stepped on my bed?”

The second one, “And someone has been lying in my bed.”

And so forth until the seventh one, and when he looked at his bed, he found Snow-White lying there, fast asleep. The seven dwarfs all came running, and they cried out with amazement. They fetched their seven candles and looked at Snow-White. “Good heaven! Good heaven!” they cried. “She is so beautiful!” They liked her very much. They did not wake her up, but let her lie there in the bed. The seventh dwarf had to sleep with his companions, one hour with each one, and then the night was done.

When Snow-White woke up, they asked her who she was and how she had found her way to their house. She told them how her mother had tried to kill her, how the huntsman had spared her life, how she had run the entire day, finally coming to their house. The dwarfs pitied her and said, “If you will keep house for us, and cook, sew, make beds, wash, and knit, and keep everything clean and orderly, then you can stay here, and you’ll have everything that you want. We come home in the evening, and supper must be ready by then, but we spend the days digging for gold in the mine. You will be alone then. Watch out for the queen, and do not let anyone in.”

The queen thought that she was again the most beautiful woman in the land, and the next morning she stepped before the mirror and asked:

Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?

The mirror answered once again:

You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But Little Snow-White beyond the seven mountains
Is a thousand times fairer than you.

It startled the queen to hear this, and she knew that she had been deceived, that the huntsman had not killed Snow-White. Because only the seven dwarfs lived in the seven mountains, she knew at once that they must have rescued her. She began to plan immediately how she might kill her, because she would have no peace until the mirror once again said that she was the most beautiful woman in the land. At last she thought of something to do. She disguised herself as an old peddler woman and colored her face, so that no one would recognize her, and went to the dwarf’s house. Knocking on the door she called out, “Open up. Open up. I’m the old peddler woman with good wares for sale.”

Snow-White peered out the window, “What do you have?”

“Bodice laces, dear child,” said the old woman, and held one up. It was braided from yellow, red, and blue silk. “Would you like this one?”

“Oh, yes,” said Snow-White, thinking, “I can let the old woman come in. She means well.” She unbolted the door and bargained for the bodice laces.

“You are not laced up properly,” said the old woman. “Come here, I’ll do it better.” Snow-White stood before her, and she took hold of the laces and pulled them so tight that Snow-White could not breathe, and she fell down as if she were dead. Then the old woman was satisfied, and she went away.

Nightfall soon came, and the seven dwarfs returned home. They were horrified to find their dear Snow-White lying on the ground as if she were dead. They lifted her up and saw that she was laced up too tightly. They cut the bodice laces in two, and then she could breathe, and she came back to life. “It must have been the queen who tried to kill you,” they said. “Take care and do not let anyone in again.”

The queen asked her mirror:

Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?

The mirror answered once again:

You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But Little Snow-White with the seven dwarfs
Is a thousand times fairer than you.

She was so horrified that the blood all ran to her heart, because she knew that Snow-White had come back to life. Then for an entire day and a night she planned how she might catch her. She made a poisoned comb, disguised herself differently, and went out again. She knocked on the door, but Snow-White called out, “I am not allowed to let anyone in.”

Then she pulled out the comb, and when Snow-White saw how it glistened, and noted that the woman was a complete stranger, she opened the door, and bought the comb from her. “Come, let me comb your hair,” said the peddler woman. She had barely stuck the comb into Snow-White’s hair, before the girl fell down and was dead. “That will keep you lying there,” said the queen. And she went home with a light heart.

The dwarfs came home just in time. They saw what had happened and pulled the poisoned comb from her hair. Snow-White opened her eyes and came back to life. She promised the dwarfs not to let anyone in again.

The queen stepped before her mirror:

Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?

The mirror answered:

You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But Little Snow-White with the seven dwarfs
Is a thousand times fairer than you.

When the queen heard this, she shook and trembled with anger, “Snow-White will die, if it costs me my life!” Then she went into her most secret room — no one else was allowed inside — and she made a poisoned, poisoned apple. From the outside it was red and beautiful, and anyone who saw it would want it. Then she disguised herself as a peasant woman, went to the dwarfs’ house and knocked on the door.

Snow-White peeped out and said, “I’m not allowed to let anyone in. The dwarfs have forbidden it most severely.”

“If you don’t want to, I can’t force you,” said the peasant woman. “I am selling these apples, and I will give you one to taste.”

“No, I can’t accept anything. The dwarfs don’t want me to.”

“If you are afraid, then I will cut the apple in two and eat half of it. Here, you eat the half with the beautiful red cheek!” Now the apple had been so artfully made that only the red half was poisoned. When Snow-White saw that the peasant woman was eating part of the apple, her desire for it grew stronger, so she finally let the woman hand her the other half through the window. She bit into it, but she barely had the bite in her mouth when she fell to the ground dead.

The queen was happy, went home, and asked her mirror:

Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?

And it answered:

You, my queen, are fairest of all.

“Now I’ll have some peace,” she said, “because once again I’m the most beautiful woman in the land. Snow-White will remain dead this time.”

That evening the dwarfs returned home from the mines. Snow-White was lying on the floor, and she was dead. They loosened her laces and looked in her hair for something poisonous, but nothing helped. They could not bring her back to life. They laid her on a bier, and all seven sat next to her and cried and cried for three days. They were going to bury her, but they saw that she remained fresh. She did not look at all like a dead person, and she still had beautiful red cheeks. They had a glass coffin made for her, and laid her inside, so that she could be seen easily. They wrote her name and her ancestry on it in gold letters, and one of them always stayed at home and kept watch over her.

Snow-White lay there in the coffin a long, long time, and she did not decay. She was still as white as snow and as red as blood, and if she had been able to open her eyes, they still would have been as black as ebony wood. She lay there as if she were asleep.

One day a young prince came to the dwarfs’ house and wanted shelter for the night. When he came into their parlor and saw Snow-White lying there in a glass coffin, illuminated so beautifully by seven little candles, he could not get enough of her beauty. He read the golden inscription and saw that she was the daughter of a king. He asked the dwarfs to sell him the coffin with the dead Snow-White, but they would not do this for any amount of gold. Then he asked them to give her to him, for he could not live without being able to see her, and he would keep her, and honor her as his most cherished thing on earth. Then the dwarfs took pity on him and gave him the coffin.

The prince had it carried to his castle, and had it placed in a room where he sat by it the whole day, never taking his eyes from it. Whenever he had to go out and was unable to see Snow-White, he became sad. And he could not eat a bite, unless the coffin was standing next to him. Now the servants who always had to carry the coffin to and fro became angry about this. One time one of them opened the coffin, lifted Snow-White upright, and said, “We are plagued the whole day long, just because of such a dead girl,” and he hit her in the back with his hand. Then the terrible piece of apple that she had bitten off came out of her throat, and Snow-White came back to life.

She walked up to the prince, who was beside himself with joy to see his beloved Snow-White alive. They sat down together at the table and ate with joy.

Their wedding was set for the next day, and Snow-White’s godless mother was invited as well. That morning she stepped before the mirror and said:

Mirror, mirror, on the wall,
Who in this land is fairest of all?
The mirror answered:
You, my queen, are fair; it is true.
But the young queen
Is a thousand times fairer than you.

She was horrified to hear this, and so overtaken with fear that she could not say anything. Still, her jealousy drove her to go to the wedding and see the young queen. When she arrived she saw that it was Snow-White. Then they put a pair of iron shoes into the fire until they glowed, and she had to put them on and dance in them. Her feet were terribly burned, and she could not stop until she had danced herself to death.

“The Greek Sea Sight”

Berikut Cerpen Bahasa Inggris, bercerita Tentang Orang Inggris:

***
Martina Lourdez, usually on call Lourdes this woman is a beautiful woman from England. However, she was not young anymore she was 42 years. She lives in Liverpool, the city where he was born.

One summer, his best friend, Mary-shen invited him to go to a vacation in Greece. He never went to Greece, he wanted to know about the country, so he decided to join the-shane Marry in Holiday.

In Greece they were staying at a hotel near the beach. There, they were greeted by a man named Aaeroniz friendly. He is the manager of the hotel. One night Martina Lourdes went to the bar to drink some, he found Aeroniz stand there and they start a conversation.

“You know, I have a boat located near the beach. Actually it belongs to my brother, but if you prefer, we can go for a trip tomorrow. What do you think?” The man said to him.

“Wow, it would be nice,” he accepted the invitation and she went with him the next day. They enjoyed their trip very much, especially Lourdes who had sailed with the boat.

Actually, Lourdes like Greek scenery, so after the first trip, he came out with the manager of the hotel every day. As usual they swim, sunbathe and spend more time together at sea. They really enjoyed it.

End holidays come, Lourdes had to go back. He was in the airport already but, suddenly, he decided not to return to Liverpool, his home town. He thought, he wanted to stay in Greece. Then, this girl left the airport and directly back to the hotel where Aroniz as manager.

When he arrived he saw Aeronis at the bar with a woman and she decided to hear their conversation.

“Do you want to go for a boat ride my brother?” The word Aeronis invite her. But Lourdes is not concerned about it and he came close to them.

Aeronis Lourdes was surprised when he found standing beside him and the woman. He was very surprised, she smiled at him he gets. Aeronis think Lourdes will be angry with him but, he just said that the purpose that he was looking for a job at the hotel.

Lourdes was not angry when he knew the fact that it Aeronis playboy, because he does not fall in love with him but, he fell in love with Greece and sea views.

The Crying Stone

In a small village, a girl lives with her mother. The girl is very beautiful. Everyday she puts make-up and wears her best clothes. She doesn't like to help her mother work in a field. The girl is very lazy.
One day, the mother asks the girl to accompany her to go to the market to buy some food. At first the girl refuses, but the mother persuades her by saying they are going to buy new clothes. The girl finally agrees. But she asks her mother to walk behind her. She doesn't want to walk side by side with her mother. Although her mother is very sad, she agrees to walk behind her daughter.
On the way to the market, everybody admires the girl's beauty. They are also curious. Behind the beautiful girl, there is an old woman with a simple dress. The girl and her mother look very different!
"Hello, pretty lady. Who is the woman behind you?" asks them.

“She is my servant,” answers the girl.
The mother is very sad, but she doesn't say anything.
The girl and the mother meet other people. Again they ask who the woman behind the beautiful girl. Again the girl answers that her mother is her servant. She always says that her mother is her servant every time they meet people. At last, the mother cannot hold the pain anymore. She prays to God to punish her daughter. God answers her prayer. Slowly, the girl's leg turns into stone. The process continues to the upper part of the girl's body. The girl is very panicky. "Mother, please forgive me!" she cries and ask her mother to forgive her. But it's too late. Her whole body finally becomes a big stone. Until now people still can see tears falling down the stone. People then call it the crying stone or batu menangis.

obat sakit gigi

Cengkeh Untuk Obat Sakit Gigi

Indonesia dikenal sebagai salah satu negara penghasil rempah, salah satunya adalah tanaman cengkeh. Tanaman tropis yang berasal dari Maluku ini sudah banyak dibudidayakan untuk diambil bunga dan minyaknya. Minyak cengkeh (Eugenia aromatica) dapat dihasilkan dari penyulingan serbuk kuntum cengkeh kering (clove oil), serbuk tangkai kuntum cengkeh (clove stem oil), dan daun cengkeh kering (clove leaf oil).
Tanaman cengkeh dapat tumbuh dengan baik di daerah beriklim tropis.
Minyak cengkeh banyak dimanfaatkan oleh dokter gigi sebagai penghilang rasa sakit. Selain itu, tanaman ini juga digunakan dalam industri farmasi, penyedap masakan, dan wewangian.
Sifat kimiawi dan efek farmakologis dari cengkeh adalah hangat, rasanya tajam, aromatik, berhasiat sebagai perangsang (stimulan), antiseptik, peluruh kentut (icarminative), anestetik lokal, menghilangkan kolik, dan obat batuk. Kandungan kimia pada cengkeh adalah karbohidrat, kalsium, fosfor, zat besi, vitamin B1, lemak, protein, dan eugenol.
Sebagai obat tradisional cengkeh memiliki khasiat mengatasi sakit gigi, sinusitis, mual dan muntah, kembung, masuk angin, sakit kepala, radang lambung, batuk, terlambat haid, rematik, campak, dan lain-lain.
Mengatasi sakit gigi, gigi yang berlubang disumbat dengan kapas yang telah diteteskan dengan minyak cengkeh. Atau, 10 butir cengkeh disangrai sampai halus, lalu digiling halus, dimasukkan pada lubang gigi secukupnya, lalu ditutup dengan kapas. Lakukan dua kali sehari.
Menghilangkan bau mulut, 10 butir cengkeh dicuci lalu diseduh dengan 200 cc air panas, diamkan selama lima menit. Kemudian, disaring dan airnya dipakai untuk kumur-kumur, lakukan setiap hari secara rutin.
Mengatasi sinusitis, cengkeh secukupnya dikeringkan, digiling sampai menjadi bubuk, lalu ditiupkan ke hidung dengan menggunakan sedotan dengan ukuran secukupnya. Sebagai obat mual, 10 butir cengkeh, 20 gram asam jawa, dan gula aren secukupnya direbus dengan 400 cc air sampai tersisa 200 cc. Kemudian ramuan disaring dan diminum selagi hangat untuk dua kali sehari, setiap kali minum sebanyak 100 cc.
Mengatasi kembung, 10 butir cengkeh diseduh dengan air panas lalu diminum sebagai teh. Atau, 5 sampai 10 butir cengkeh dimasukkan pada buah pir yang dilubangi dan dibungkus dengna kertas aluminium foil lalu dibakar hingga matang. Setelah matang, cengkehnya dibuang dan pirnya dimakan.
Obat masuk angin, 10 tetes minyak cengkeh diseduh dengan 50 cc air panas, tambahkan madu secukupnya, diaduk sampai merata lalu diminum selagi hangat. Lakukan 2 sampai 3 kali sehari. Obat sakit kepala, 5 butir cengkeh, 5 gram kayu manis, 5 gram biji pala, dan 5 butir merica dihaluskan hingga menjadi bubuk lalu diseduh dengan 100 cc air panas, kemudian diminum.
Mengatasi radang lambung, 5 butir cengkeh, 5 gram kayu manis, 5 gram biji pala, dan 5 butir kapulaga, 15 gram kulit jeruk mandarin, 150 gram lobak, labu parang secukupnya, direbus dengan 1000 cc air panas kemudian diminum. Obat batuk, 10 butir cengkeh, 10 lembar daun sirih, 5 lembar daun tapak liman, 3 butir kapulaga, 2 jari kayu manis, dan gula aren secukupnya direbus dengan 800 cc air hingga tersisa 400 cc, disaring lalu diminum 2 kali sehari, setiap kali minum sebanyak 200 cc.

Manfaat Bawang Putih

Khasiat - khasiat Bawang Putih

Salah satu jenis bawang selain bawang merah, bawang bombai, adalah bawang putih. Bawang putih sudah menjadi bumbu dalam setiap masakan, dan katanya bawang putih ini merupakan kunci masakan biar jadi tambah mantap. Tapi ga salah kliatane, klo ga pake bawang putih masakan jadi kurang mantap. Balik lagi ke khasiat bawang putih, selain dalam dunia kuliner dalam dunia pengobatan bawang putih juga mempunyai peranan penting. Bawang putih mengandung senyawa alicin, senyawa alicin berkhasiat menghancurkan pembekuan darah dalam ateri, mengurangi gejala diabetes dan mengurangi tekanan darah.

Selain alicin, bawang putih juga mengandung alil yang berkhasiat memerangi penyakit - penyakit degeneratif dan mengaktifkan sel - sel baru.
Berikut khasiat - khasiat bawang putih untuk kesehatan :

•  Mengobati Disentri

Caranya : Kupas 2 siung bawang putih dan cuci bersih, kemudian rebus dengan segelas air dan minum 3 kali sehari sebelum makan selama 2 - 3 hari.

• Mengobati Sakit Maag

Caranya : Kunyah bawang putih laki - laki ( bawang putih yang tumbuh sendiri, tunggal tidak bergerombol ) 3 kali sehari.

• Mengobati Nyeri Haid

Caranya : Kunyah 2 siung bawang putih sambil minum 2 sendok makan air hangat. Dan lakukan 2 kali sehari.

• Mengobati Bronchitis

Caranya : Lumatkan 30 g bawang putih yang telah di kupas kemudian campurkan dengan gula batu dan segelas air hangat. Diamkan selama 5 - 6 jam lalu minum 1 sendok makan setiap hari.

• Mengobati Asma

Caranya : Lumatkan 3 siung bawang putih kemudian beri 1 sendok makan madu dan gula batu yang sudah di cairkan secukupnya. Campurkan semua bahan hingga merata dan minum setiap hari hingga sembuh.

• Mengobati Migrain

Caranya : Kunyah 2 siung bawang putih dan telan sambil minum air hangat, lakukan 3 kali sehari.

• Mengobati Hipertensi

Caranya : Kunyah 2 - 3 siung bawang putih, lalu di telan sambil minum air hangat dan lakukan 3 kali sehari.

• Mengeluarkan Duri, serpihan kaca

Caranya : Lumatkan bawang putih dan tempelkan pada bagian yang terkena serpihan kaca atau duri.

1. Menghambat kemerosotan otak dan sistem kekebalan
2. Membantu menghambat proses penuaan. Menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker.
3. Dengan mengkonsumsi bawang putih, resiko terkena kanker dapat dikurangi.
4. Bawang putih yang dikonsumsi secara rutin dalam jangka waktu tertentu dapat membantu menurunkan kadar kolesterol.
5. Zat anti-kolesterol dalam bawang putih yang bernama ajoene menolong mencegah penggumpalan darah.
6. Bawang putih dapat membantu meredakan stress, kecemasan, dan depresi.
7. Dengan efek yang lebih lembut. Bawang putih mengandung vitamin A.
8. Bawang putih mengandung vitamin B.
9. Bawang putih mengandung vitamin C.
10. Bawang putih mengandung  kalsium.
11. Bawang putih mengandung potasium
12. Bawang putih mengandung  antioksidan. Bawang putih mengandung karoten dan selenium
13.  Mengonsumsi 2-3 siung bawang putih sehari, akan menghindarkan dari kemungkinan berpenyakit jantung.

14.  Menyembuhkan tekanan darah tinggi

15.  Meringankan tukak lambung

16.  Menurunkan kolesterol dalam darah

17.  Meningkatkan insulin darah bagi penderita diabetes.

18.  Melumpuhkan radikal bebas yang mengganggu sistem kekebalan tubuh

19.  Bermanfaat sebagai penawar racun (detoxifier) yang melindungi tubuh dari berbagai macam penyakit.

20.  Membantu menambahkan nafsu makan apabila dimakan mentah

21.  Menjaga stamina tubuh

22.  Mengandung khasiat antimikroba, antitrombotik, hipolipidemik, antiarthritis, hipoglikemik, dan juga memiliki antivitas sebagai antitumor.

Kunci rahasia khasiat bawang putih

23 10 2007 Para peneliti telah berhasil mengungkap misteri penyebab makan bawang putih bisa membantu menjaga kesehatan jantung.
Kuncinya adalah allicin, yang diuraikan menjadi senyawa sulfat sangat berbau yang mencemarkan bau nafas.
Senyawa ini bereaksi dengan darah merah dan menghasilkan sulfida hidrogen yang merenggangkan saluran darah, dan membuat darah mudah mengalir.
Riset University of Alabama di kampus Birmingham muncul di Kertas Kerja Akademi Sains Nasional (NAS).
Namun, para pakar Inggris memperingatkan mengkonsumsi suplemen bawang putih bisa menimbulkan dampak samping.
Sulfida hidrogen menghasilkan bau telur busuk dan dipergunakan untuk memproduksi bom bau (stink bomb).
Namun, pada kadar rendah, senyawa itu memainkan peran vital dalam membantu sel-sel saling berkomunikasi dengan sesamanya.
Dan, pada pembuluh darah, senyawa itu merangsang sel yang membentuk lapisan mengendur dan menyebabkan pembuluh melebar.
Dan, ini pada gilirannya mengurangi tekanan darah, memungkinkan darah mengangkut lebih banyak oksigen ke organ tubuh esensial, dan mengurangi tekanan pada jantung.
Tim peneliti Alabama mencelupkan pembuluh darah tikus pada larutan yang mengadung ekstrak dari bawang putih yang diremukkan.
Ini menghasilkan hasil yang mencolok — dengan ketegangan di dalam pembuluh berkurang sebesar 72%.
Para peneliti juga mendapati bahwa sel darah merah yang terkena sedikit sekali sari bawang putih yang dijual di toserba segera menghasilkan sulfida hidrogen.
Percobaan lanjutan memperlihatkan bahwa reaksi kimia berlangsung utamanya pada permukaan sel darah merah.
Tim peneliti menunjukkan indikasi bahwa produksi sulfida hidrogen dalam sel darah merah mungkin bisa digunakan untuk menetapkan standard kadar bawang putih yang ditambahkan ke makanan.
Peneliti kepala Dr David Kraus mengatakan: “Hasil penelitian kami memperlihatkan bawang putih dalam makanan itu sangat bagus.”
“Tentu saja di kawasan tempat konsumsi bawah putih tinggi, seperti laut Tengah dan Timur Jauh, tingkat terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler rendah.”
Judy O’Sullivan, ahli rawat jantung pada Yayasan Jantung Inggris (BHF), mengatakan: “Penelitian menarik ini mengindikasikan bawang putih mungkin bermanfaat bagi kesehatan jantung.”
“Namun, tetap saja belum ada bukti yang cukup untuk mendukung gagasan untuk memakan bawang putih sebagai obat untuk mengurangi risiko mengalami penyakit jantung,” tambahnya O’Sullivan.
“Memasukkan bawang putih sebagai bagian dari variasi makanan adalah pilihan pribadi,” ujarnya.
“Perlu dicamkan bahwa suplemen [bawang putih] dalam kadar tinggi mungkin berinteraksi dengan obat pengencer darah dan mungkin memperbesar risiko pendarahan,” kata Judy O’Sullivan.

Buah Naga

Khasiat dan Manfaat Buah Naga

Buah naga mempunyai khasiat yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Manfaat buah naga diantaranya sebagai penyeimbang kadar gula darah, pelindung kesehatan mulut, pencegah kanker usus, mengurangi kolesterol, pencegah pendarahan dan mengobati keluhan keputihan.

Buah naga biasanya dikonsumsi dalam bentuk buah segar sebagai penghilang dahaga, karena buah naga mengandung kadar air tinggi sekitar 90 % dari berat buah. Rasanya cukup manis karena mengandung kadar gula mencapai 13-18 briks. Buah naga juga dapat disajikan dalam bentuk jus, sari buah, manisan maupu selai atau beragam bentuk penyajian sesuai selera anda.

Secara umum,pakar sependapat dan mengakui buah naga kaya dengan potasium, ferum, protein, serat, sodium dan kalsium yang baik untuk kesihatan berbanding buah-buahan lain yang diimport.

Menurut AL Leong dari Johncola Pitaya Food R&D, organisasi yang meneliti buah naga merah , buah kaktus madu itu cukup kaya dengan berbagai zat vitamin dan mineral yang sangat membantu meningkatkan daya tahan dan bermanfaat bagi metabolisme dalam tubuh manusia.

“Penelitian menunjukkan buah naga merah ini sangat baik untuk sistem peredaran darah, juga memberikan efek mengurangi tekanan emosi dan menetralkan toksik dalam darah.“Penelitian juga menunjukkan buah ini bisa mencegah kanker usus, selain mencegah kandungan kolesterol yang tinggi dalam darah dan menurunkan kadar lemak dalam tubuh,” katanya.

Secara keseluruhan, setiap buah naga merah mengandungi protein yang mampu meningkatkan metabolisme tubuh dan menjaga kesehatan jantung; serat (mencegah kanker usus, kencing manis dan diet); karotin (kesehatan mata, menguatkan otak dan mencegah masuknya penyakit), kalsium (menguatkan tulang).

Buah naga juga mengandungi zat besi untuk menambah darah; vitamin B1 (mencegah demam badan); vitamin B2 (menambah selera); vitamin B3 (menurunkan kadar kolesterol) dan vitamin C (menambah kelicinan, kehalusan kulit serta mencegah jerawat).

Berikut ini kandungan nutrisi lengkap buah naga :

Kadar Gula : 13-18 briks
Air : 90 %
Karbohidrat : 11,5 g
Asam : 0,139 g
Protein : 0,53 g
Serat : 0,71 g
Kalsium : 134,5 mg
Fosfor : 8,7 mg
Magnesium : 60,4 mg
Vitamin C : 9,4 mg

Kesalahan Dalam Budidaya Buah Naga

Berikut ini adalah kesalahan-kesalahan umum yang banyak terjadi dalam budidaya buah naga terutama oleh para pemula, kesalahan-kesalahan tersebut ada yang berakibat fatal dan ada juga yang hanya mengakibatkan pertumbuhan tanaman buah naga menjadi sangat lambat dan tidak pernah berbunga dan menjadi buah :

1. Penanaman akar terlalu dalam
Kesalahan inilah yang paling banyak dilakukan yang mengakibatkan kesehatan dan pertumbuhan akar menjadi terganggu. Didalam beberapa buku tentang penanaman buah naga banyak disebutkan "lubang tanam" yang menimbulkan pengertian bahwa penanaman buah naga harus menggunakan lubang yang digali dalam. Yang benar adalah kedalam akar sebaiknya maksimal 20 cm saja dalam tanah. Sebaiknya penanaman hanya dengan ditekan sedikit saja dalam media, atau diletakkan saja kemudian ditimbun sedikit media atau pupuk.

2. Terlalu sering melakukan penyiraman
Perlu diketahui bahwa tanaman buah naga termasuk jenis kaktus, tanaman ini tahan dengan kekeringan tetapi tidak dengan air yang menggenang. Karena kondisi tanah berbeda-beda masing-masing daerah, saya tidak berani memberikan patokan waktu penyiraman. Penyiraman juga tergantung curah hujan dan ketinggian tanah yang tentu berbeda penanganannya. Perlu diketahui, pada waktu musim berbuah tanaman buah naga membutuhkan lebih banyak air karena buahnya sendiri mengandung kadar air yang sangat tinggi mencapai 90%, karena itulah penyiraman harus lebih sering dilakukan pada masa pertumbuhan buah.

3. Media tanam terlalu padat
Media tanam yang terlalu padat akan menyebabkan pertumbuhan akar terganggu, padahal akar merupakan faktor penting untuk menyerap unsur hara dalam tanah. Jika anda memakai komposisi media tanam dengan tanah yang lebih banyak, sebaiknya media tanam digemburkan kembali minimal 6 bulan sekali. Media yang padat juga akan lebih lama menahan air dan bisa mengakibatkan kebusukan akar dan batang. Gunakan media tanam menggunakan bahan yang tidak lama menyimpan air. Media tanam yang padat bisa mengakibatkan tanaman anda tumbuh lambat/kerdil dan tidak berbuah pada musimnya.

4. Tidak dilakukan pemangkasan
Hal ini sering terjadi terutama pada tanaman buah naga yang ada ditanam di halaman atau pekarangan rumah. Sulur dibiarkan tumbuh memanjang dan dirambatkan sekenanya pada tembok dan tanaman lain. Pemangkasan wajib dilakukan pada tanaman buah naga untuk menghentikan munculnya tunas baru dan nutrisi bisa difokuskan dalam pembentukan bunga dan buah. Memang, meskipun tidak dipangkas, tetap bisa muncul buah tetapi tentu saja jumlahnya sedikit sekali.

5. Tidak mendapat sinar matahari secara penuh.
Dalam budidaya buah naga, sinar matahari mutlak dibutuhkan. Jika lahan anda terhalang oleh bangunan, tembok, atau pohon besar, sebaiknya urungkan untuk menanam buah naga. Tanaman buah naga merupakan tanaman panas yang sangat membutuhkan sinar matahari yang cukup, bahkan kondisi tanah yang tandus sekalipun selama sinar matahari tercukupi, maka buah naga bisa dibudidayakan di tempat tersebut. Penanaman di halaman atau pekarangan rumah juga banyak terjadi tanaman buah naga dirambatkan pada tembok atau tanaman besar lain yang menaungi/menutupi dari sinar matahari, tentu saja tanaman buah naganya tidak bisa tumbuh dengan baik.

6. Penanganan terlambat jika muncul hama dan penyakit
Penyakit busuk batang adalah penyakit paling sering dialami oleh para pemilik tanaman buah naga, kebanyakan mereka merasa ragu untuk memotong dan membuang batang yang sudah busuk berwarna kuning kecoklatan. Batang yang sudah busuk tidak akan bisa kembali sehat dan hijau lagi. Penanganan terbaik adalah langsung memotong batang yang busuk kemudian membakarnya atau ditimbun dalam tanah. Lahan juga harus dijaga kebersihan dan kelembabannya, jangan biarkan air menggenang terlalu lama yang bisa mengundang datangnya jamur yang bisa merusak tanaman buah naga. Cara ini lebih baik daripada anda mencoba banyak obat yang belum tentu cocok, sementara penyakit ini sangat cepat menyebar. Jika ada muncul busuk sedikit saja, sebaiknya langsung dipotong. Begitu juga jika ada gangguan dan hama lainnya, harus cepat ditangani.